Tennis Elbow—Lateral Epicondylitis

Tennis elbow affects the tendons along the outside of the elbow, often causing pain with gripping, lifting, or wrist movement. It can develop from repetitive activities at work, during exercise, or in everyday life. Most patients improve with activity changes and targeted rehabilitation; surgery may be considered for persistent symptoms despite appropriate nonsurgical care.

Golfer’s Elbow—Medial Epicondylitis

Golfer’s elbow involves the tendons along the inside of the elbow. Symptoms may worsen with gripping, lifting, or repetitive wrist motion. Treatment typically begins with activity modification and physical therapy, with additional options based on the severity and duration of symptoms. Surgery may be considered for persistent symptoms despite appropriate nonsurgical care.

Ulnar Collateral Ligament—UCL—Injuries

The UCL helps stabilize the inner elbow during throwing and other activities that stress the joint. Injuries may develop gradually from repetitive throwing or occur suddenly during trauma. Treatment ranges from rest and structured rehabilitation to ligament repair or reconstruction, depending on the tear, tissue quality, instability, and athletic demands.

Distal Biceps Tendon Tears

The distal biceps tendon attaches the biceps muscle to the forearm near the elbow. A tear may cause a sudden pop, bruising, and weakness, particularly when turning the palm upward or lifting. Complete tears warrant prompt evaluation because surgical repair may be recommended to restore strength in active patients.

Triceps Tendon Injuries

The triceps tendon connects the muscle at the back of the upper arm to the elbow and helps straighten the arm. Tears can cause posterior elbow pain, swelling, and weakness with pushing. Treatment depends on the extent of the tear and loss of strength, with surgical repair considered for complete or substantial injuries.

Elbow Instability & Dislocation

A fall or sports injury can damage the ligaments that stabilize the elbow. Some injuries heal with protection and guided motion, while others cause persistent looseness or repeated giving way. Treatment focuses on restoring stability while limiting stiffness.

Elbow Arthritis, Bone Spurs & Loose Bodies

Joint wear, prior injuries, and repetitive stress can contribute to pain, stiffness, catching, or locking. Nonsurgical care may help manage symptoms. Selected patients benefit from arthroscopic removal of loose fragments or bone spurs and treatment of restricted motion.

Cartilage Injuries & Osteochondritis Dissecans—OCD

Young throwing athletes and gymnasts can develop injury to the cartilage and underlying bone on the outer side of the elbow. Symptoms may include activity-related pain, loss of motion, or catching. Treatment depends on skeletal maturity and the size and stability of the injured area.